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Q 1. What are non-renewable
resources? Give two examples.
Solution
The resources which when
exhausted cannot be easily synthesized and take millions of years to be
synthesized are called as non-renewable resources. Example - coal and petroleum.
Q 2. State any one reason
for the conservation of forest and wild life.
Solution
Conservation of wildlife
and forests is vital for the ecological stability of a particular area.
Q 3. What do you mean by
sustainable management of natural resources?
Solution
Sustainable management of
natural resources means to conserve the resources, use them efficiently and to
avoid their misuse for individual purposes.
Q 4. The construction of
large dams leads to
(i)
social and
(ii)
(ii) environmental problems.List two problems in each case.
Solution
(a) Social problems -
They displace large number of peasants and tribals without adequate
compensation.
(b) Environmental
problems - They contribute enormously to deforestation and loss of biological
diversity.
Q 5. List four ways in which
management of fossil fuels differ from natural renewable resources of energy.
Solution
1.Fossil fuels are formed
from degradation of biomass or take millions of years for its formation. 2.It
is present in limited quantity or will not last indefinitely. 3.It will exhaust
in future. 4.We should look for new renewable energy sources.
Q 6. (a) The increase in
demand for fossil fuels is affecting our environment adversely. Justify this
statement.
(b) Why is LPG considered
a better fuel than coal?
Solution
(a) The increase in
demand for energy leads to overuse of fossil fuels causing environmental pollution.
(b) LPG do not produce
smoke while burning so it is considered a better fuel.
Q 7. Why we must conserve
our forests? List any two causes for deforestation taking place.
Solution
Forests are renewable
natural resources which are essential for ecological balance of ecosystems.
They maintain biological diverstiy, preserve foods and safeguard future of
tribals, besides providing valuable product for human welfare and raw materials
for industries. Two causes for deforestation are:
(i)
Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel
and industrial demand of wood.
(ii)
Over-grazing by a large
livestock population.
Q 8. (a)What is Chipko
Movement? (b)Why should we conserve forests?
Solution
(a)It is the movement
initiated by local people in the Reni Village of Garhwal, preventing the
cutting down of trees by hugging the trees. It was initiated by Sunder Lal
Bahuguna to stop the commercial exploitation of forest.
(b)We should conserve
forest because the trees hold soil, prevents floods, brings rainfall, and thus
maintains ecological balance on the earth.
Q 9. Mention the names of
various movements that have started to promote the concept of forest
conservation.
Solution
For the conservation
of forests, following movements have started: i. ‘Chipko Movement’ in the
village of Garhwal started by Sundarlal Bahuguna ii. ‘Appiko movement’ in
Karnataka started by Pandurang Hegde iii. Another movement started by Amrita
Devi Bishnoi for protection of ‘kherjri’ trees in Khejrali village near
Jodhpur.
Q 10. Suggest two methods
by which our consumption of coal and petroleum can be reduced.
Solution
Two methods by which our
consumption of coal and petroleum can be reduced are : a. Judicious use coal
and petroleum products like using public transport, using Fluorescent tubes
etc. b. Use of solar energy and alternative fuels.
Q 11. List any four methods
of conserving fossil fuels.
Solution
Methods of conserving
fossil fuels : (i) Conversion into efficient forms like CNG. (ii) Protection of
resources from fires. (iii) Avoid wastage of oil. (iv) Make more use of
renewable source of energy.
Q 12. Mention some steps
that are helpful in conservation of fresh water resources.
Solution
Steps that are helpful in
conservation of fresh water resources are: i. Water shed management systems and
water harvesting by formation of dams and various structures that store water
results in conservation of water resources. ii. The organic and inorganic
impurities of water should be treated well so that it can be used in
agriculture and industries. iii. Resources of fresh water can also be conserved
if rain water is stored in tanks and ponds and further used by means of canals
throughout the year.
Q 13. What are the two factors
which suggest the contamination of river water?
Solution
The contamination of
river water can be usually found from two factors: (i) the presence of coliform
bacteria in river water, (ii) measurement of pH of river water.
Q 14. What is Chipko
Movement?
Solution
Chipko Movement was
started by Sundarlal Bahuguna to protect the irrational cutting of trees.
During this movement villagers embraced the trees and thus formed circle around
trees that, in turn, prevent cutting of trees.
Q 15. Define the term
conservation.
Solution
The term conservation
means wise and controlled consumption (use) of natural resources so that they
remain available and beneficial for present and future generations as well.
Q 16. What is the main
purpose of formation of sanctuaries?
Solution
Sanctuaries are made to
provide natural habitat to animals where hunting is not allowed and thus
endangered species can be protected.
Q 17. Whose name is
associated with the protection of degraded sal forests?
Solution
‘A.K. Banerjee’ worked
for the protection of degraded sal forests.
Q 18. List any four
disadvantages of using fossil fuels for the production of energy.
Solution
Disadvantages of using
fossil fuels for the production of energy:- (i)Burning of fossil
fuels (e.g.coal and petroleum products) causes
air pollution. (ii)The oxides of carbon, nitrogen and
sulphur that are released on burning fossil fuels are
acidic oxides. These lead to acid rain which affects our
water and soil resources. (iii)Green house gases like carbon
dioxide released during the combustion of fossil
fuels enhances the process of global warming.
(iv)Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years
and there are only limited reserves. If
we were to continue consuming these sources
at such alarming rates, we would soon run out of
energy.
Q 19. (a) Define watershed
management. (b) What are the advantages of watershed management?
Solution
(a) Water shed management
is a scientific method of developing land and water resources to increase the
biomass production without causing ecological imbalance. (b) The advantages
are: (i)Watershed management only increases the production and income of the
watershed community. (ii)It also mitigates droughts and floods. (iii)It
increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.
Q 20. (a) How the 'Chipko
Andolan' ultimately benefit the local population? (b) Why should we conserve
wildlife?
Solution
(a) (i) It forced
the government to rethink their priorities in the use of forest produce and
include the local people in forest management. (ii) The local people could
continue depending on the forests for meeting their basic needs. (b)
Conservation of wild life helps in maintaining the ecological balance of
biosphere and provides a gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and
animals.
Q 21. Mention the names of
water harvesting techniques that are used in Kerala and Utter Pradesh.
Solution
The names of water
harvesting techniques are i. In Kerala: surangams ii. In Utter Pradesh: bundhis
Q 22. Prejudice against the
traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Comment.
Solution
It can be explained with
the help of an example. The great Himalayan Park contains Alpine meadows which
were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flocks up from
the valley every summer. When the National Park was formed this practice was
banned. Because of no grazing, the grass first grows very tall and then falls
over on the ground preventing fresh growth. Hence, the traditional use was
helpful for the forest maintenance.
Q 23. Briefly describe who
all constitute the category stakeholders and why all of them are dependent on
trees?
Solution
The category stakeholders
includes: i. Firstly all those people who either live in forests or nearby
forests and dependent on them to meet each and every requirement. ii. Second is
the Forest Department, run by the Government and hence responsible for
controlling land and other resources of forests. iii. Third category includes
all industrialists who are dependent on trees to obtain raw material. iv.
Lastly comes all those people who actively take part in conservation of wild
life and natural resources.
Q 24. Which dam is made on
river Ganga?
Solution
Tehri Dam is constructed
on river Ganga.
Q 25. "Save the
Tiger" campaign is being over emphasized these days by our Government.
What may be the possible reason?
Solution
To maintain ecological
balance in nature and to preserve the gene pool.
Q 26. Give two examples
each of the following: (i)Renewable sources of energy (ii)Non-renewable sources
of energy
Solution
(i)Sun, wind (ii)Coal,
petroleum
Q 27. (a) How does
formation of coal and petroleum occur? (b) Name any two products formed when
fossil fuels are burnt.
Solution
(a) Coal and petroleum
are formed by degradation of biomass buried over millions of years ago. (b)
Products which are formed when fossil fuels are burnt: carbondioxide, water,
oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.(any two)
Q 28. How dams are useful
for the society? Mention any two points.
Solution
i. Dams ensure round the
year water supply to the crop fields and helps to raise agricultural
production. ii. Generation of electricity. iii.Control flooding which either
stops or slows the amount of water in river. iv. Water from a dam is supplied
to the people in towns and cities through pipelines. In this way, construction
of dams ensures continuous water supply in the region. (Any two)
Q 29. (a) "Sun is the
ultimate source of energy of fossil fuels". Justify this statement. (b)
Write two disadvantages of using fossil fuels?
Solution
(a) Plants trap solar
energy and convert it into food and animals get energy when they eat them.
Fossil fuels are made of dead plants and animals which grow by solar energy so
we can say that sun is the ultimate source of energy of fossil fuels. (b) Two
disadvantages of using fossil fuels are : (i) Causes air pollution (ii) Fossil
fuels are expensive.
Q 30. What are advantages
of ground water?
Solution
The advantages of ground
water are: i. Ground water does not evaporate. ii. It is helpful in maintaining
the water levels of wells. iii. Ground water provides moisture to large amount
of vegetation. iv. There is relatively few chances of contamination of ground
water by human and animal waste.
Q 31. List any two causes
of our failure to sustain availability of underground water.
Solution
Two causes which led to
the failure of sustaining the availability of underground water are: (i)
Population: With the increase in population the demand of water is also
increasing which is depleting the underground water. (ii) Industrialization: As
the industries need more water to manufacture its goods; this led to decrease
in the level of underground water.
Q 32. How is plastic
recycled?
Solution
Plastic recycling is the
process of recovering different types of plastic material in order to reprocess
them into varied other products, unlike their original form Plastic items can
be recycled with the following steps: sorting, washing, shredding,
identification and classification of plastic and extruding
Q 33. With the help of an
example, explain how involvement of local people can lead to efficient
management of forests.
Solution
In 1970s, the West Bengal
forest department with the help of forest officer, A.K. Banerjee, involved
local people of Arabari forest range, Midnapore district in the protection of
1,272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest and were suitably rewarded. A remarkable
recovery of value worth Rs. 12.5 crores was made possible.
Q 34. (a)Mention various
threats to the wild life. (b)What steps can be taken to conserve wild life?
Solution
(a)Threats present
in environment to wild life
are:
i. Irrational hunting of animals and cutting of trees are major threats to wild
life. ii. Excess of pollution, deforestation, urbanization etc results in
destruction of natural habitat that act as a threat to the wild life. (b)Steps
that can be taken to conserve wild life: i. Natural habitats like forests
should be protected. ii. Laws should be maintained to check irrational hunting
of animals and cutting of trees.
Q 35. Why should we
conserve resources like coal and petroleum?
Solution
Resources like coal and
petroleum should be conserved as: i. They are present in limited amount on
earth. ii. They are non-renewable sources of energy and their formation takes
millions of years
Q 36. Expand the term IUCN?
Solution
IUCN stands for
“International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources”.
Q 37. List any four
stakeholders which may help in the conservation of forests.
Solution
Following are the list of
four stakeholders which may help in the conservation of forests: (a) Local
people living in villages near forest area. (b) Industrialists using the forest
products. (c) Wildlife and nature enthusiasts. (d) Forest department of the
government.
Q 38. Mention some of the
steps that one can take to conserve the resources like coal and petroleum.
Solution
Coal and petroleum can be
conserved by following methods: i. Use of alternative sources of energy like
nuclear or solar energy should be encouraged. ii. Wastage of coal and petroleum
during their usage should be avoided. iii. Their extraction from mines should
be done in a way that will results in maximum recovery of fuels.
Q 39. How has the use of
fossil fuels led to the deterioration of environment? State any two reasons.
Solution
a.On combustion, fossil
fuels release oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen which are poisonous gases.
Sometime CO is also released. b.Carbon dioxide released is green house gas
causes global warming. c.The acidic oxides of nitrogen and sulphur produced
cause acid rain when they react with atmospheric water vapours. (Any two)
Q 40. Name the movement
that was started to prevent deforestation.
Solution
‘Chipko Movement’ was
started to prevent the deforestation.
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